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Rainbow runner
The rainbow runner ''(Elagatis bipinnulata)'', also known as the rainbow yellowtail, Spanish jack and Hawaiian salmon, is a common species of pelagic marine fish of the jack family, Carangidae. The species is widespread throughout the tropical and subtropical waters of the world, inhabiting both coastal as well as far offshore areas. The species is the only member of the genus ''Elagatis'', which was created 15 years after its initial description, and is closely related to the amberjacks. The rainbow runner is easily distinguished by its body shape, and the brilliant colouration which gives the fish its name. It is a fast swimming predator, taking small fish, cephalopods and a wide variety of planktonic crustaceans. The species reaches sexual maturity at around , and spawning takes place at different times, with some populations spawning year round, while others only spawn at certain times of the year. The species is a well known game fish, taken by a variety of fishing methods and is a well rated table fish. Large amounts of the species are taken as bycatch in tuna and shark fishing operations and marketed.
==Taxonomy and naming==
The rainbow runner is the only species in the monotypic genus ''Elagatis'', which is one of thirty genera in the jack family, Carangidae. The Carangidae are Perciform fishes in the suborder Percoidei. The species was first scientifically described in 1825 by French zoologists Jean René Constant Quoy and Joseph Paul Gaimard based on the type specimen collected from the Indian Ocean, somewhere in the Malay Archipelago. They named the species ''Seriola bipinnulata'', believing the species was related to the amberjacks. This was later revised to the genus ''Seriolichthys'' by Bleeker before it was concluded the species warranted a new genus. The genus ''Micropteryx'' was initially created, but was already in use in the Lepidoptera. In 1840, Frederick Debell Bennett created the genus ''Elagatis'', taken from a name published in a whaling voyage memoir, which he used in combination with the species name of ''bipinnulatus'', which was deemed to be incorrect as the genus name is feminine and the original spelling of ''bipinnulata'' was reinstated. Phylogenetically, the species is most closely related to the amberjack genus, ''Seriola'', being the most basal member identified of the carangid subfamily Naucratini. This has been determined by the sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome b genome, as well as older morphological studies.
The species wide range has led to a wide array of local common names, with the most common English name being 'rainbow runner' in reference to its colouring. Other names frequently applied include rainbow yellowtail,〔 Hawaiian salmon, Salmon (incorrectly), Spanish Jack, Salmon del Alto (Cuba), as well as over twenty other names in various languages.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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